Разработка иммунохимических методов анализа хлорсодержащих пестицидов в объектах окружающей среды
Диссертация
Впервые синтезированы различные по структуре и составу конъюгаты производных 2,4,5-Т с флуоресцеином (трейсеры). Протестированы поликлональные антисыворотки против 2,4,5-Т и родственных соединений методом ПФИА. Выбраны иммунореагенты, обеспечивающие наиболее чуствительное определение 2,4,5-Т, а также их концентрации. Предел обнаружения метода составил 20 нг/мл, линейный диапазон определяемых… Читать ещё >
Содержание
- СПИСОК СОКРАЩЕНИЙ
- ВВЕДЕНИЕ
- ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ. Экологический мониторинг пестицидов
- Глава 1. Проблемы загрязнения окружающей среды хлорограническими пестицидами
- 1. 1. Производные полихлорфенолов — предшественники диоксинов
- 1. 2. Общая характеристика хлорсодержащих пестицидов: их свойства, 13 транспорт и деградация в окружающей среде
- 1. 2. 1. Пестициды группы хлорфеноксикислот
- 1. 2. 2. Полихлорфенолы
- 1. 2. 3. Гербициды класса хлорированных ацетанилидов
- 2. 1. Физико-химические методы анализа 28 2.1.1. Методы пробоподготовки образцов
- 2. 2. Иммунохимические методы анализа пестицидов
- 2. 2. 1. Основные этапы разработки ИХМ пестицидов
- 2. 2. 1. 1. Дизайн и синтез гаптенов, получение иммуногенов и 35 меченых соединений
- 2. 2. 1. 2. Получение и характеристика антител
- 2. 2. 1. 3. Оптимизация условий иммуноанализа
- 2. 2. 2. Твердофазный иммуноферментный анализ (ИФА)
- 2. 2. 3. Поляризационный флуоресцентный иммуноанализ (ПФИА) 45 2.2.3.1. ПФИА в системе обращенных мицелл
- 2. 2. 4. Современные тенденции развития ИХМ
- 2. 2. 5. Влияние структуры меченого антигена на характеристики ИХМ
- 2. 2. 6. Методы рассчета констант связывания антиген-антитело
- 2. 2. 1. Основные этапы разработки ИХМ пестицидов
- 3. 1. Материалы и оборудование
- 3. 2. Методы
- 3. 2. 1. Синтез конъюгатов пестицидов с белками
- 3. 2. 2. Синтез конъюгатов пестицидов с флуоресцеином
- 3. 2. 3. Пробоподготовка образцов
- 3. 2. 4. Методики проведения иммуноанализа
- 4. 1. Определение констант аффинности антител в ПФИА
- 5. 1. Тестирование антител, изучение влияния структуры иммуногенов на 79 основные характеристики ПФИА пестицидов
- 5. 2. Определение оптимальных концентраций иммунореагентов
- 5. 3. Влияние структуры меченых антигенов на характеристики ПФИА
- 5. 4. Аналитические характеристики разработанных систем ПФИА: 100 чувствительность, воспроизводимость и селективность определения
- 5. 5. Изучение влияния органических растворителей на характеристики 107 ПФИА пестицидов
- 5. 6. Влияние ионной силы буфера на параметры системы ПФИА
- 5. 7. ПФИА в обращенных мицеллах
- 5. 8. Иммуноанализ, основанный на тушении флуоресценции
- 6. 1. Определение пестицидов в образцах природной воды
- 6. 2. Разработка методик экстракции хлорфеноксикислот из почвы для их 122 определения методом ПФИА
- 6. 2. 1. Методика ультразвуковой экстракции хлорфеноксикислот из 126 почвы
- 6. 2. 2. Методика микроволновой экстракции хлорфеноксикислот из 132 почвы
- 6. 3. Корреляция разработанных методик ПФИА с методом жидкостной 139 хроматографии
- 7. 1. Влияние структуры конъюгата для сорбции на чувствительность 140 анализа, оптимизация концентраций иммунореагенов для проведения ИФА пропанила
- 7. 2. Селективность определения пропанила
- 7. 3. Влияние структуры конъюгата для сорбции на чувствительность 149 анализа, оптимизация концентраций иммунореагенов для проведения ИФА ацетохлора
- 7. 4. Селективность определения ацетохлора
- 8. 1. Определение пестицидов в образцах природной воды
- 8. 2. Определение ацетохлора в яблочном соке
- 8. 3. Влияние органических растворителей на характеристики ИФА 159 ацетанилидов
- 8. 4. Разработка методики экстракции пропанила из зерен риса для его 161 определения методом ИФА
- 8. 5. Разработка методики экстракции ацетохлора из кукурузной муки для 164 его определения методом ИФА
- 8. 6. Корреляция разработанных методик ИФА с методом ГХ с МС 186 детектированием
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