Факторы риска развития и прогрессирования АА-амилоидоза у больных ревматоидным артритом
Несмотря на то, что именно вторичный, известный теперь как АА-, амилоидоз имеет наиболее длительную историю изучения, начиная с классических работ Рокитанского (1842г.), Вирхова (1854г.), многие вопросы, касающиеся, в том числе и поражения почек — основного проявления АА-амилоидоза, остаются недостаточно ясными. В частности, при РА большое клиническое значение имеет уточнение факторов риска… Читать ещё >
Содержание
- СПИСОК ПРИНЯТЫХ СОКРАЩЕНИЙ
- Глава I. ОБЗОР ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ
- Глава II. МАТЕРИАЛЫ И МЕТОДЫ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ
- II. 1. Общая характеристика обследованных групп больных
- 11. 2. Клинические методы обследования
- 11. 3. Морфологические методы исследования
- 11. 4. Иммуногистохимическое исследование
- II. 5. Статистическая обработка материала
- Глава III. РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ СОБСТВЕННОГО ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ И ИХ 52 ОБСУЖДЕНИЕ
- III. 1. Частота системного амилоидоза. Место ревматоидного артрита среди причин 52 системного АА-амилоидоза
- 111. 2. Факторы риска развития АА-амилоидоза при ревматоидном артрите
- 111. 3. Особенности течения амилоидной нефропатии. Факторы прогноза
- 111. 4. Оценка иммуногистохимического метода диагностики АА-амилоидоза
- Глава IV.
- ЗАКЛЮЧЕНИЕ
- ВЫВОДЫ 99 ПРАКТИЧЕСКИЕ РЕКОМЕНДАЦИИ
- ПРИЛОЖЕНИЕ 1
- СПИСОК ЛИТЕРАТУРЫ
- СПИСОК ПРИНЯТЫХ СОКРАЩЕНИЙ
AL — тип амилоидоза, белком предшественником которого являются легкие цепи иммуноглобулинов SAA — реактант острой фазы воспаления, белок-предшественник ААамилоидоза SAP — сывороточный амилоидный протеин
АА — тип амилоидоза, белком предшественником которого является SAA
АУФ — амилоидускоряющий фактор АФ — амилоидные фибриллы ИЛ — интерлейкин ИФ — интерферон
ЛПВП — липопротеины высокой плотности
НПВП — нестероидные противовоспалительные препараты
НС — нефротический синдром
ПБ — периодическая болезнь
ПУ — протеинурия
РА — ревматоидный артрит
РФ — ревматоидный фактор
ФНО-а — фактор некроза опухоли-а
ХГН — хронический гломерулонефрит
ХПН — хроническая почечная недостаточность
ЮРА — ювенильный ревматоидный артрит
Список литературы
- Варшавский В. А., Проскурнева Е. П. Значение и методы морфологической диагностики амилоидоза в современной медицине//Практическая нефрология. 1998. — № 2. — С.24−26.
- Виноградова О.М. Первичный и генетические варианты амилоидоза М.: Медицина. — 1980. — 224с.
- Власов В.В. Эффективность диагностических исследований М.: Медицина. — 1988. — 256с.
- Иванова М.М., Каратеев Д. Е., Акимова Т. Ф. и др. Клинические варианты течения ревматоидного артрита и выбор метода медикаментозной терапии//Клин. ревмат. 1995. — № 4. — С.25−29.
- Кац Я.А., Митрофанов В. А. Ревматоидный артрит. М.: ВУНМЦ МЗ РФ, 1999.- 80с.
- Козловская JI.B. Амилоидоз//Терапевтический Архив. 1998. — 6. — С.62−70.
- Козловская JI.B., Варшавский В. А., Чегаева Т. В., Проскурнева Е. П., Рамеев В. В. Амилоидоз: современный взгляд на проблему//Практическая нефрология. 1998. — № 2. — С.16−23.
- Кочубей JI.H., Виноградова О. М., Серов В. В., Васильева Н. А. Прогноз и выживаемость больных вторичным амилоидозом (анализ 146 случаев)//Тер. архив. 1993. — № 6. — С.48−54.
- Муравьев Ю.В., Удельнова И. А. Патология легких, вызываемая метотрексатом у больных ревматоидным артритом//Клиническая Медицина. -2001.-7.-С.
- Мухин Н.А. Амилоидоз почек: Вопросы клиники и патогенеза: Автореферат диссертации доктора медицинских наук. -М., 1981.-41с
- Мухин Н.А. Клинические проблемы амилоидоза почек//Клин. мед. 1983. — № 10. — С.12−17.
- Назаров П.Г. Реактанты острой фазы воспаления СПб.: Наука. -2001.-423с.
- Насонова В.А., Астапенко М. Г. Клиническая ревматология М.: Медицина. — 1989. — 592с.
- Насонова В.А. Справочник по ревматологии М.: Медицина. -1995.-272с.
- Реброва О.Ю. Статистический анализ медицинских данных М.: Медиа Сфера. — 2003. — 312с.
- Сигидин Я.А., Гусева Н. Г., Иванова М. М. Диффузные болезни соединительной ткани. М.: Медицина. — 1994. — 544с.
- Сигидин Я.А., Лукина Г. В. Базисная (патогенетическая) терапия ревматоидного артрита. М., 2000. — 100с.
- Цыбулько С.В. Клинико-иммунные аспекты поражения почек при ревматоидном артрите: Автореферат диссертации кандидата медицинских наук. Ярославль, 2000.
- Чичасова Н.В., Насонова М. Б., Степанец О. В., Насонов Е. Л. Современные подходы к оценке активности ревматоидного артрита//Терапевтический архив. 2002. — 5. — С.57−60.
- Шишкин А.Н. Амилоидоз//Врачебные Ведомости. 2001. — 4. -С.33−41.
- Шишкин А.Н., Янченко Д. Е., Козлов В. В. Прогностические критерии и выживаемость у больных с вторичным амилоидозом почек//Нефрология. 2000. — 4. — С. 15−21.
- Aho К., Koskenvuo М., Tuominen J., Kaprio J. Occurrence of rheumatoid arthritis in a nationwide series of twins//Journal of Rheumatology. -1986. 13. — P.899−902.
- Amos R.S., Constable T.J., Croscson R.A. Rheumatoid arthritis: relation of serum C-reactive protein and erythrocyte sedimentation rates to radiographic changes//Br. Med. J. 1977. — 1. — P.95−197.
- Anders R.F., Price M.A., Wilkey I.S. Husby G., et al. Amyloid fibril protein AA in Papua New Guinean amyloidosis//Clin. Exp. Immunol. 1976. -24. -P.49−53.
- Arend W.P., Malyak M., Smith M.F. Jr. et al. Binding of IL-1 alpha, IL-1 beta, and IL-1 receptor antagonist by soluble IL-1 receptors and levels of soluble IL-1 receptors in synovial fluids//J. Immunol. 1994. — 153. — P.4766−4774.
- Arnett F.C., Edworthy S., Block D.A. et al. The American Rheumatism Association 1987 revised criteria for rheumatoid arthritis//Arthritis. Rheum. 1988, — 31,-P.315−324.
- Badolato R., Wang J.M. et al. Serum amyloid A is a chemoattractant: induction of migration, adhesion and tissue infiltration of monocytes and polymorphonuclear leukocytes//Journal of Experimental Medicine. 1994. — 180. — P.203−209.
- Baer A.N., Dessypris E.N., Goldwasser E. et al. Blunted erythropoietin response to anaemia in rheumatoid arthritis//Br. J. Haematol. -1987.-66.-P.559−564.
- Bathon J.M., Martin R.W., Fleischmann R.M. et al. A comparison of etanercept and methotrexate in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis//The New England Journal of Medicine. 2001. — 18. — P.344−350.
- Betts J.C., Edbrooke M.R., Thakker R.V., Woo P. The human acute phase serum amyloid A gene family: structure, evolution and expression in hepatoma cells//Scandinavian Journal of Immunology. 1991. — 34. — P.471−482.
- Bladen H., Nylen M., Glenner G. The ultrastructure of human amyloid as revealed by the negative staining techniques//!. Ultrastr. Res. 1966 — 14 -P.449- 459.
- Boers M., Croonen A.M., Dijkmans B.A.C., Breedveld F.C. et al. Renal findings in rheumatoid arthritis: clinical aspects of 132 necropsies//Ann. Rheum. Dis. 1987. — 46. — P.658−63.
- Bohle A., Wehrmann M., Eissele R. et al. The long term prognosis of AA and AL renal amyloidosis and the pathogenesis of chronic renal failure in renal amyloidosis//Pathology, Research and Practice. 1993. — 189. — P.316−331.
- Buxbaum J. The amyloidosis. In Klippel J.H., Dieppe P.A. (eds) Rheumatology- second edition. London: Mosby. 1998. -P.8.27.1−8.27−10.
- Calkins E., Cohen A. Diagnosis of amyloidosis//Bull. Rheum. Dis. -1960. 10. — P.215−218.
- Callahan L.F. Social epidemiology and rheumatic disease//Curr. Opin. Rheumatol. 2003. — 15(2). -P.l 10−115.
- Chambers R.E., Hutton C.W., Dieppe P.A., Whicher J.T. Comparative study of С reactive protein and serum amyloid A in experimental inflammation//Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 1991. — 50. — P.677−679.
- Chevrel G., Jenvrin C., McGregor В., Miossec P. Renal type AA amyloidosis associated with rheumatoid arthritis: a cohort study showing improved survival on treatment with pulse cyclophosphamide/ZRheumatology. 2001. — 40. — P.821−825.
- Choy E.H.S., Panayi G.S. Cytokine Pathways and joint inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis//The New England Journal of Medicine. 2001. — 344. -P.907−916.
- Chu C.Q., Field M., Feldmann M., Maini R.N. Localization of tumor necrosis factor alpha in synovial tissues and at the cartilage-pannus junction in patients with rheumatoid arthritis//Arthritis Rheum. 1991. -34. -P.1125−1132.
- Cohen A.S. Proteins of the systemic amyloidosis//Current Opinion in Rheumatology. 1994. — 6. — P.55−67.
- Cope A.P., Aderka D., Doherry M. et al. Increased levels of soluble tumor necrosis factor receptors in the sera and synovial fluid of patients with rheumatoid arthritis//Artliritis Rheum. 1992. — 35. — P. 1160−1169.
- Cunnane G. Amyloid precursors and amyloidosis in rheumatoid arthritis//Bailliere's Clinical Rheumatology. 1999. — 13. — P.615−628.
- Cunnane G., Grehan S., Geoghegan S., et al. Serum amyloid A in the assessment of early inflammatory arthritis//Journal of Rheumatology. 2000. — 27. — P.58−63.
- Davison A.M. The United Kingdom Medical Research Council’s Glomerulonephritis Registry//Contr. Nephrol. 1985. — 48. — P.24−35.
- Dayer J.M., Beutler В., Cerami A. Cachectin/tumor necrosis factor stimulates collagenase and prostaglandin E2 production by human synovial cells and dermal fibroblasts//J. Exper. Med. 1985. — 162. -P.2163−2168.
- De Beer F.C., Mallya R.K., Fagan E.A. et al. Serum amyloid A protein concentration in inflammatory diseases and its relationship to the incidence of reactive systemic amyloidosis//Lancet. 1982. — 2. — P.231−234.
- Edmonds J.//ILAR Bulletin. 1994. — 2. — P.5−6.
- Ekelund L. Radiologic findings in renal amyloidosis//American Journal of Roentgenology. 1977. — 129. -P.851−853.
- Elkayam O., Hawkins P.N., Lachmann H., Yaron M., Caspi D. Rapid and complete resolution of proteinuria due to renal amyloidosis in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis treated with infliximab//Arthritis Rheum. 2002. — 46(10). -P.2571−2573.
- Falk H., Maury C., Teppo A., Wegelius O. Correlation of persistently high serum amyloid A protein and C-reactive protein concentrations with rapid progression of secondary amyloidosis//Brit. Med. J. 1983. -286. — P.1391- 1393.
- Falk R., Skinner M. The systemic amyloidosis: an overview//Advances in internal medicine. 2000. — Chapter 4.
- Falk R.H., Comenzo R.L., Skinner M. The systemic amyloidosis//The New England Journal of Medicine. 1997. — September 25. — P.898−909.
- Fifth Joint WHO/ILAR Task Force Meeting on Rheumatic Diseases//ILAR Bulletin. 1994. — 2. -P.2−4.
- Fuks A., Zucker-Franklin D. Impaired Kupffer cell function precedes development of secondary amyloidosis//Journal of Experimental Medicine. 1985. — 161. — P.1013−1028.
- Gause A. Progress in the treatment of rheumatic disease//Nephrol. Dial. Transplant. -2003. 18. -P.13−16.
- Gertz M.A., Kyle R.A. Secondary systemic amyloidosis: response and survival in 64 patients//Medicine. 1991. — 70. — P.246−256.
- Gillmore J.D., Hawkins P.N. Amyloidosis and the respiratory tract//Thorax. 1999. — 54. — P.444−451.
- Gillmore J.D., Lovat L.B., Persey M.R., Pepys M.B., Hawkins P.N. Amyloid load and clinical outcome in AA amyloidosis in relation to circulating concentration of serum amyloid A protein//Lancet. 2001. — 358. — P.24−29.
- Gonnerman W.A., Kandel R., Cathcart E.S. Amyloid enhancing factor is produced by rats and amyloid-resistant CE/J mice//Lab. Invest. 1996. — 74. -P.259−264.
- Gordon P., West J., Jones H., Gibson Т. A 10 year prospective followup of patients with rheumatoid arthritis 1986−96//J. Rheumatol. 2001. -28(11).-P.2409−2415.
- Grateau G. Amyloidosis physiopathology//Joint Bone Spine. 2000. -67. — P.164−170.
- Gravallese E.M., Darling J.M., Ladd A.L., Katz J.N., Glimcher L.H. In situ hybridization studies of stromelysin and collagenase messenger RNA expression in rheumatoid arthritis//Arthritis Rheum. 1991. — 34. — P. 1076−1084.
- Hachulla E., Saile R., Parra H.J., et al. Serum amyloid A concentrations in giant cell arthritis and polymyalgia rheumatica: a useful test in the management of the disease//Clinical and Experimental Rheumatology. 1991. -9.-P.157−163.
- Hartmann A., Eide T.C., Fauchald P. et al. Serum amyloid A protein is a clinically useful indicator of acute renal allograft rejection//Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation. 1997. — 12. — P. 161−166.
- Hawkins P.N., Lavender J.P., Pepys M.B. Evaluation of systemic• • 4 • 1 О 3 •amyloidosis by scintigraphy with I-labeled serum amyloid P component//The New England Journal of Medicine. 1990. — 323. — P.508−513.
- Hawkins P.N., Vigushin D.M., Pepys M.B. Diagnosis and monitoring of amyloidosis//Bailliere's Clinical Rheumatology. 1994. — 8. — P.321−328.
- Hazenberg В., Limburg P., Bijzet J., van Rijswik M. A quantitativeimethod for detecting deposits of amyloid A protein in aspirated fat tissue of patients with arthritis//Ann. Rheum. Dis. 1999. — 58. — P.96−102.
- Hazenberg B.P., van Rijswijk M.N. Clinical and therapeutic aspects of AA amyloidosis//Bailliere's Clinical Rheumatology. 1994. — 8. — P.661−690.
- Helin H.J., Korpela M.M., Mustonen J.T., Pasternack A.L. Renal biopsy findings and clinicopathologic correlations in rheumatoid arthritis//Arthritis and Rheumatism. 1995. — 38. — P.242−247.
- Hirschfield G.M., Hawkins P.N. Amyloidosis: new strategies for treatment//The International Journal of Biochemistry and Cell Biology. 2003. -35. — P.1608−1613.
- Husby G. Amyloidosis//Seminars in Arthritis and Rheumatism. -1992. 22. — P.67−82.
- Husebekk A., Skogen В., Husby G., Marhaug G. Transformation of amyloid precursor SAA to protein AA and incorporation in amyloid fibrils in vivo//Scandinavian Journal of Immunology. 1985. — 21. — P.283−287.
- Joss N., McLaughlin K., Simpson K., Boulton-Jones L.M. Presentation, survival and prognostic markers in AA amyloidosis//Q. J. Med. -2000. 93. — P.535−542.
- Keystone E.C. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha blockade in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis//Rheumatic Diseases Clinics of North America. 2001. -27.
- Kisilevsky R., Gruys E., Shirahama T. Does amyloid enhancing factor (AEF) exists? Is AEF a single biological entity?// Amyloid. Int. J. Exp. Clin. Invest. 1995. — 2. — P.128−133.
- Kisilevsky R., Subrahmanyan L. Serum amyloid amyloid A changes high density lipoprotein’s cellular affinity. A clue to serum amyloid A’s principal fiinction//Laboratory Investigation. 1992. — 66. — P.778−785.
- Kisilevsky R., Young I.D. Pathogenesis of amyloidosis//Bailliere's Clinical Rheumatology. 1994. — 8. — P.613−626.
- Koseki Y., Terai C., Moriguchi M., Uesato M., Kamatani N. A prospective study of renal disease in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis//Ann. Rheum. Dis. 2001. — 60. -P.327−331.
- Kyle R.A., Greipp P.R. Amyloidosis (AL). Clinical and lab features of 224 cases//Mayo Clin. Proc. 1983. — 58. — P.665−683.
- Lavie G., Zucker-Franklin D., Franklin E.C. Elastase-type proteases on the surface of human blood monocytes: possible role in amyloid formation/Journal of Immunology. 1980.- 125. — P. 175−180.
- Lee D.M., Weinblatt M.E. Rheumatoid arthritis//Lancet. 2001. -358. -P.903−911.
- Lee J.G., Wilson J.A.P., Gottfried M.R. Gastrointestinal manifestation of amyloidosis//Southern Medical Journal. 1994. — 87. — P.243−247.
- Liepnieks J.J., Kluve-Beckerman В., Benson M.D. Characterization of amyloid A protein in human secondary amyloidosis: the predominant deposition of serum amyloid Al//Biochim. Biophys. Acta. 1995. — 1270. — P.81−86.
- Lipsky P., St. Clair W., Furst D. et al. 54-week clinical and radiological results from the Attract trial. A phase III study of infliximab (Remicade) in patients with active RA despite methotrexate//Arthritis Rheum. -1999.-42.-P.401.
- Lipsky P.E., van der Heijde D., Clair E.W., Furst D.E., Breedveld F.C. et al. Infliximab and methotrexate in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis//The New England Journal of Medicine. 2000. — 343. — P.1594−1602.
- Liuzzo G., Biasucci L.M., Gallimore J.R. et al. The prognostic value of C-reactive protein and serum amyloid A protein in severe unstable angina//The New England Journal of Medicine. 1994. — 331. — p.417−424.
- Maini R.N., Taylor P.С., Paleolog E. et al. Anti-tumor necrosis factor specific antibody (infliximab) treatment provides insights into the pathophysiology of rheumatoid arthritis//Ann. Rheum. Dis. 1999. — 1. — P. 156.
- Malle E., De Beer F.C. Human serum amyloid A (SAA) protein: a prominent acute phase reactant for clinical practice//European Journal of Clinical Investigation. 1996. — 26. — P.427−435.
- Malle E., Steinmetz A., Raynes J.G. Serum amyloid A (SAA): an acute phase protein and apolipoprotein//Atherosclerosis. 1993. — 102. — P. 131 146.
- Marhaug G., Harklau LOlsen B. et al. Serum amyloid A protein in acute myocardial infarction//Acta Medica Scandinavica. 1986. — 220. — P.203−306.
- Marrel-Pelletier J., McCollumn R., Fujimoto N., Obata K. et al. Excess of metalloproteases over tissue inhibitor of metalloprotease may contribute to cartilage degradation in osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis//Lab. Invest. -1994.-70.-P.807−815.
- Maury C.P.J. Comparative study of serum amyloid A and C-reactive protein in disease//Clinical Science. 1985. — 68. — P.233−238.
- McCachren S.S., Haynes B.F., Niedel J.E. Localization of collagenase mRNA in rheumatoid arthritis synovium by in situ hybridization histochemistry//J. Clin. Immunol. 1990. — 10. — P. 19−27.
- McQueen F.M., Stewart N., Crabbe J. et al. Magnetic resonance imaging of the wrist in early rheumatoid arthritis reveals a high prevalence of erosions at four months after symptom onset//Ann. Rheumatic. Dis. 1998. — 57. -P.350−356.
- Means R.T., Jr. Advances in the anemia of chronic disease//Int. J. Hematol. 1999. — 70. — P.7−12.
- Migita K., Eguchi K., Tsukada T. et al. Increased circulating serum amyloid A protein derivatives in rheumatoid arthritis patients with secondary amyloidosis//Laboratory Investigation. 1996. — 75. — P.371−375.
- Mozes G., Friedman N., Shainkin-Kestenbaum R. Serum amyloid A: an extremely sensitive marker for intensity of tissue damage in trauma patients and indicator of acute response in various diseases//Journal of Trauma. 1989. — 29. -P.71−74.
- Mutru O., Laakso M., Isomaki H., Koota K. Ten year mortality and causes of death in patients with rheumatoid arthritis//BMJ. 1985. — 290. -P.1797−1799.
- Myllykangas-Luosujarvi R., Alio K., Kautiainen H., Hakala M. Amyloidosis in a nationwide series of 1666 subjects with rheumatoid arthritis who died during 1989 in Finland/ZRheumatology. 1999. — 38. — P.499−503.
- Nielen M.M., Van Schaardenburg D., Reesink H.W., Twisk J.W.R. et al. Increased levels of C-reactive protein in serum from blood donors before the onset of rheumatoid artliritis//Arthritis and Rheumatism. 2004. — 50. — P.2423−2427.
- Niewold T.A., Hoi P.R., Andel A.C.J, et al. Enhancement of amyloid induction by amyloid fibril fragments in hamster//Laboratory Investigation. -1987. 56. — P.544−549.
- Okuda Y., Takasugi K., Oyama T. et al. Amyloidosis in rheumatoid arthritis: clinical study of 124 histologically proven cases/ZRyumachi. 1994. — 34. -P.939−946.
- Oilier -W.E., «.MacGregor A. Genetic epidemiologyof rheumatoid. disease//Br. Med. Bull. 1995. — 51. — P.267−285.
- Olsen N.J., Stein C.M. New drugs for rheumatoid arthritis//The New England Journal of Medicine. 2004. — 350. — P.2167−2179.
- Orpiszewski J., Benson M.D. Fibrillogenese. In: Grateau G., Benson M.D., Delpech M., ed. Les amyloses. Paris: Flammarion Medecine-Sciences. -2000. P.63−94.
- Panayi G.S., Corrigall V.M., Pitzalis C.G. Pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. The role of T cells and other beasts/ZRheumatic Diseases Clinics of North America. 2001.-27:2.
- Patel H., Fellowes R., Coade S., Woo P. Human serum amyloid A has cytokine-like properties//Scandinavian Journal of Immunology. 1998. — 48. -P.410−418.
- Peeters H.R., Jongen-Lavrencic M., Raja A.N. et al. Course and characteristics of anaemia in patients with rheumatoid arthritis of recent onset//Ann. Rheum. Dis. 1996. — 55. -P.162−168.
- Pepys M., Baltz M.L. Acute phase proteins with special reference to C-reactive protein and related proteins (pentraxins) and serum amyloid A protein//Advances in Immunology. 1983. — 34. — P.141−212.
- Preciado-Patt L., Hershkoviz R., Fridkin M., Lider O. Serum amyloid A binds specific extracellular matrix glycoproteins and induces the adhesion of resting CD4+T cells//Journal of Immunology. 1996. — 156. — P. 1189−1195.
- Ronningen K.S., Spurkland A., Egaland T. Et al. Rheumatoid arthritis may be primarily associated with HLA-DR4 molecules sharing a particular sequence at residues 67−74//Tissue Antigens. 1990. — 36. — 235−240.
- Scheinberg M.A., Benson M.D. SAA amyloid protein levels in amyloid-prone chronic inflammatory disorders. Lack of association with amyloid disease//J. Rheumatol. 1980. — 7. — P.724−726.
- Schena F.P., Pannarale G., Carbonara M.C. Clinical and therapeutic aspects of renal amyloidosis//Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation. 1996. — 11. -P.63−68.
- Serpell L.C., Sunde M., Blake C.C.F. The molecular basis of amyloidosis//Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences. 1997. — 53. — P.871−887.
- Shiozawa S., Hayashi S., Tsukamoto Y., Goko H., Kawasaki H. et al. Identification of the gene loci that predispose to rheumatoid arthritis//International Immunology. 1998. — 10. -P.1891−1895.
- Shirahama Т., Miura K., Ju S.T. et al. Amyloid enhancing factor-loaded macrophages in amyloid fibril formation//Laboratory Investigation, 1990. — 62. — P.62−68.
- Silman A.J., MacGregor A.J., Thomson W. et al. Twin concordance rates for rheumatoid arthritis: results from a nationwide study//Br. J. Rheumatol. -1993. 32. — P.903−907.
- Simms R.W., Prout M.N., Cohen A. S The epidemiology of AL and AA amyloidosis//Bailliere's Clinical Rheumatology. 1994. — 8. — P.627−634.
- Simons M., Isner J.M. Assessment of relative sensitivities of noninvasive tests for cardiac amyloidosis in documented cardiac amyloidosis//American Journal of Cardiology. 1992. — 69. — P.425−427.
- Sipe J.D., Cohen A.S. History of the amyloid fibril//Journal of Structural Biology. 2000. — 130. — P.88−98.
- Smith K.A. Регуляция функций T- и В-клеток лимфокинами, Т2, с.396−420/Иммунология в Зт. Под ред. William E.Paul. М: Мир. 1987−88.
- Snow A.D., Willmer J., Kisilevsky R. A close ultrastructural relationship between sulfated proteoglycans and AA amyloid fibrils//Laboratory Investigation. 1987. — 57. -P.687−698.
- Steel D.M., Whitehead A.S. The major acute phase reactants: C-reactive protein, serum amyloid P component and serum amyloid A protein//Immunology Today. 1994. — 15. — P.81−88.
- Strege R.J., Saeger W., Linke R.P. Diagnosis and immunohistochemical classification of systemic amyloidosis. Report of 43 cases in unselected autopsy series//Virchows Archiv. 1998. — 433. — P. 19−27.
- Sumiya M., Ohya N., Shinoura H. et al. Diffuse interstitial pulmonary amyloidosis in rheumatoid arthritis//Journal of Rheumatology. 1996. — 23. -P.933−936.
- Suzuki A., Ohosone Y., Obana M., Mita S. et al. Cause of death in 81 autopsied patients with rheumatoid arthritis//J. Rheumatol. 1994. — 21. — P.33−36.
- Taylor G.A., Carballo E., Lee D.M. et al. A pathogenetic role for TNF alpha in the syndrome of cachexia, arthritis, and autoimmunity resulting from tristetraprolin (TTP) deficiency//Immunity. 1996. — 4. — P.445−454.
- Tennet G.A., Lovat L.B., Pepys M.B. Serum amyloid P component prevents proteolysis of the amyloid of Alzheimer’s disease and systemic amyloidosis//Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 1995. — 92. -P.4299−4303.
- Trabandt A., Gay R.E., Fassbender H.G., Gay S. Cathepsin В in synovial cells at the site of joint destruction in rheumatoid arthritis//Arthritis Rheum. 1991.-34.-P.1444−1451.
- Tuglular S., Yalcinkaya F., Paydas S., Oner A., et al. A retrospective analysis for aetiology and clinical findings of 287 secondary amyloidosis cases in Turkey//Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation. 2002. — 17. — P.2003−2005.
- Uguccioni M., Meliconi R., Lalli E. et al. Protein concentration in bone marrow transplantation for beta-thalassaemia//Journal of Clinical Pathology. 1992.-45.-P.348−351.
- Urieli-Shoval S., Cohen P., Eisenberg S., Matzner Y. Widespread expression of serum amyloid A in histologically normal human tissues. Predominant localization to the epithelium//Journal of Histochemistry and Cytochemistry. 1998. -46. -P.1377−1384.
- Van der Heide D. et al.//Lancet. 1989. — 1. — P. 1036−1038.
- Varga J.,.Flinn M.S., Shirahama T. et al. The induction .of acceleratedmurine amyloid with human splenic extract. Probable role of amyloid enhancing factor//Virchows Archiv. 1986. — 51. — P. 177−185.
- Voulgari P.V., Kolios G., Papadopoulos G.K. et al. Role of cytokines in the pathogenesis of anemia of chronic disease in rheumatoid artliritis//Clin. Immunol. 1999. — 92. — P.153−160.
- Wakhlu A., Krisnani N., Hissaria P., Aggarwal A., Misra R. Prevalence of secondary amyloidosis in Asian North Indian patients with rheumatoid arthritis//Journal of Rheumatology. 2003. — 30(5). — P.948−51.
- Weinstein P. S., Skinner M., Sipe J.D. et al. Acute phase proteins or tumor markers: the role of SAA, SAP, CRP and CEA as indicators of metastasis in a broad spectrum of neoplastic diseases//Scandinavian Journal of Immunology. -1984. 19. -P.193−198.
- Westermark P., Sletten K., Westermark G.T., Raynes J., McAdam K.P. A protein AA-variant derived from a novel serum AA protein, SAA1, in an individual from Papua New GuineaZ/Biochem. Biophys. Res. Commun. 1996. -223.-P.320−323.
- Williams R.O., Feldmann M., Maini R.N. Anti-tumor necrosis factor ameliorates joint disease in murine collagen-induced arthritis//Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA. 1992. — 89. — P.9784−9788.
- Wood N.C., Dickens E., Symons J.A., Duff G.W. In situ hybridization of interleukin-1 in CD14-positive cells in rheumatoid arthritis//Clin. Immunol. Immunopathol. 1992. — 62. — P.295−300.
- Yamada Т., Kluve-Beckerman В., Liepnieks J.J., Benson M.D. In vivo degradation of serum amyloid A by cathepsin D and other acid proteases: possible protection against fibril formation//Scandinavian Journal of Immunology. 1995. — 41. — P.570−574.
- Yamanishi Y., Firestein G.S. Pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. The role of synoviocytes//Rheumatic Diseases Clinics of North America. 2001. -27:2.
- Young A. et al.//Brit. J. Rheumat. 1993. — 32. — P.97.
- Zhang Z., Bridges S.L. Pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. The role of В lymphocytes//Rheumatic Diseases Clinics of North America. 2001. — 27:2.С