Пароксизмальная форма фибрилляции предсердий у больных с артериальной гипертензией (вопросы патогенеза, диагностики, лечения и профилактики)
Медико-социальная значимость проблемы диагностики и лечения пациентов с фибрилляцией предсердий обусловлена широкой распространенностью данного нарушения ритма сердца, высокой обращаемости за медицинской помощью и недостаточной эффективностью профилактической антиаритмической терапии. Доказано, что длительно существующая тахиси-столическая форма фибрилляции предсердий приводит к дилатации камер… Читать ещё >
Содержание
- Список сокращений
ГЛАВА I. Обзор литературы. Фибрилляция предсердий- клинико-патофизиологические аспекты.
1.1 Распространенность фибрилляции предсердий.
1.2 Современные взгляды на механизмы формирования фибрилляции предсердий.
1.3 Тактика ведения пациентов с фибрилляцией предсердий.
ГЛАВА II. Клиническая характеристика пациентов. Методы исследования.
2.1 Клиническая характеристика обследованных пациентов.
2.2 Методы исследования.
ГЛАВА III. Инструментальные предикторы пароксизмов фибрилляции предсердий у пациентов с артериальной гипертензией.
3.1 Характеристика предикторов пароксизмов по результатам электрокардиографии.
3.2 Эхокардиографические и допплерэхокардиографические предикторы пароксизмальной формы фибрилляции предсердий.
3.2.1. Структурные изменения сердца, ассоциированные с рецидивом фибрилляции предсердий.
ГЛАВА IV. Оценка эффективности использования пропанорма в купировании пароксизмов фибрилляции предсердий у пациентов с артериальной гипертензией.
ГЛАВА V. Тактика противорецидивной терапии пациентов с фибрилляцией предсердий и артериальной гипертензией.
Обсуждение.
Выводы.
Список литературы
- Абдалла А. Аритмогенное действие антиаритмических средств: частота, возможные механизмы и врачебная тактика / А. Абдалла, Н. А. Мазур, Н. В. Хлестакова // Кардиология. — 1991. — № 1. — С. 95−100.
- Джанашия П.Х. Мерцательная аритмия / П. Х. Джанашия, В. А. Назаренко, С. А. Николенко // М., РГМУ. -2001. 112 с.
- Завела П.В. Комбинированное применение антиаритмических средств в клинике / П. В. Завела // Тер. Архив. 1998. — Т. 60, № 9. — С. 142−146.
- Земцовский Э.В. Мерцательная аритмия / Э. В. Земцовский, С. А. Бондарев, Д. Ф. Егоров // СПб. 1998. — 216 с.
- Искендеров Б.Г. Структурные и электрофизиологические предикторы паро-ксизмалыюй мерцательной аритмии / Б. Г. Искендеров, Ф. К. Рахматуллов // Российский кардиологический журнал. 2001. — № 4. — С. 26−30.
- Канорский С.Г. Возможность досрочного прекращения антикоагулянтной терапии после электрической кардиоверсии фибрилляции предсердий по результатам допплер-эхокардиографии / С. Г. Канорский, К. Б. Зингилевский,
- B.И.Шевелёв // Вестник аритмологии. 2002. — № 25. — С.21.
- Канорский С.Г. Результаты применения отдельных вариантов антитромботи-ческой терапии у больных с персистирующей фибрилляцией предсердий /
- C.Г.Канорский, В. И. Шевелёв // Перспективы Российской кардиологии: материалы Российского национ. конгресса кардиологов. Москва, 2005. — С. 148.
- Качество жизни больных с фибрилляцией предсердий / А. В. Муромкина, О. А. Назарова //Материалы Всероссийского конгресса кардиологов «От диспансеризации к высоким технологиям», Москва, 19−20 октября 2006 г. М., 2006. -С.247.
- Клинический и генетический полиморфизм врожденного синдрома удлиненного интервала QT, факторы риска синкопе и внезапной смерти / М. А. Школьникова, В. В. Березницкая, JT.M. Макаров и др. // Практикующий врач. 2001. — № 20.-С. 19−25.
- Кушаковский М.С. Фибрилляция предсердий: причины, механизмы, клинические формы, лечение и профилактика / М. С. Кушаковский // СПб: ИКФ «Фолиант», 1999.
- Мазур Н.А. Фармакотерапия аритмий./ Н. А. Мазур // М., Оверлей. 1995. — 224 с.
- Мерцательная аритмия. Стратегия и тактика лечения на пороге XXI века / Д. Ф. Егоров, JI.A. Лещинский. А. В. Недоступ, Е. Е. Тюлькина // М.: Алфавит. -1998.-С. 413.
- Никитин Ю.П. Дисперсия интервала QT / Ю. П. Никитин, А. А. Кунецов // Кардиология. 1998. — № 5. — С. 58−62.
- П.Овчинников А. Г. Методические аспекты применения допплерэхокардиографии в диагностике диастолической дисфункции левого желудочка / А. Г. Овчинников, Ф. Т. Агеев, В. Ю. Мареев // Сердечная недостаточность. 2000. — № 2. — С. 66−70.
- Пархоменко А.Н. Интервал QT ЭКГ: значение его дисперсии в качестве маркера аритмогенеза / А. Н. Пархоменко, А. В. Шумаков, О. И. Иркин // Кардиология. 2001 .-№ 4. — С. 83−85.
- Поиск оптимальной терапии больных с фибрилляцией предсердий (результаты многолетнего сравнения трех стратегий лечения) / С. Г. Канорский, И. В. Медведева, М. Г. Мелышк и др. // Кардиология. 2004. — № 12. — С.37 — 43.
- Преображенский Д.В. Медикаментозное лечение мерцания предсердий / Д. В. Преображенский, Б. А. Сидоренко // Москва 2003. С. 38−52.
- Сравнительная оценка трех стратегий лечения больных с фибрилляцией предсердий / С. Г. Канорский, И. В. Медведева, М. Г. Мельник, В. И. Шевелёв, Ю. С. Канорская // Вестник аритмологии. 2004. — № 35. — С.97.
- Стратегия лечения фибрилляции предсердий / С. Г. Канорский, И. В. Медведева, М. Г. Мелышк и др. // Лечащий врач. 2004. — № 3. — С.65 — 69.
- Чекина Н.М. Эхокардиография (основы метода) Учебное пособие для врачей / Н. М. Чекина // СПб. 1992. — 89 с.
- Шевелёв В.И. Транспищеводная эхокардиография в исследовании пациентов с фибрилляцией предсердий и атеросклерозом грудного отдела аорты / В. И. Шевелёв, С. Г. Канорский, В. В. Чечула // Ультразвуковая и функциональная диагностика. 2004. — № 4. — С. 158.
- Шевелёв В.И. Транспищеводная эхокардиография в исследовании пациентов с фибрилляцией предсердий / В. И. Шевелёв, С. Г. Канорский // Российская кардиология: от центра к регионам: материалы Российского национ. конгресса кардиологов. Томск, 2004. — С.536.
- A clinical prediction rule to identifiy patients with atrial fibrillation and a low risk of stroke while taking aspirin / C. van Walraven, R.G. Hart, G.A. Wells et al. // Arch. Intern. Med. 2003. — № 163. — P. 936−943.
- A national survey of the prevalence, incidence, primary care burden and treatment of atrial fibrillation in Scotland / N.F. Murphy, C.R. Simpson, P. S. Jhund et al. // Heart. 2007. — Vol. 93, № 5. — P. 606−612.
- Advanced age, anticoagulation intensity, and risk for intracranial hemorrhage among patients taking warfarin for atrial fibrillation / M.C. Fang, Y. Chang, E.M. Hylek et al. // Ann. Intern. Med. 2004. — № 141. — P. 745−752.
- Age and risk of stroke in atrial fibrillation: evidence for guidelines? / L. Frost, L. Vukelic Andersen, J. Godtfredsen, L.S. Mortensen // Neuroepidemiology. -2007. -Vol. 28, № 2.-P. 109−115.
- Alterations in contractile protein composition and function in human atrial dilatation and atrial fibrillation / S. Eiras, N.A. Narolska, R.B. van Loon et al. // J. Mol. Cell. Cardiol. 2006. — Vol. 41, № 3. — P. 467−477.
- Amiodarone prophylaxis for atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery: meta-analysis of dose response and timing of initiation / M.S. Buckley, P.E. Nolan, M.K. Slack et al. // Pharmacotherapy. 2007. — Vol. 27, № 3. — P. 360−368.
- Amiodarone-induced alveolar hemorrhage / S.B. Iskandar, B. Abi-Saleh, R.L. Keith // South. Med. J. 2006. — Vol. 99, № 4. — P. 383−387.
- Anatomical and electrophysiological approach to atrial fibrillation ablation: technical limitations / R. Mantovan, V. Calzolari, C. Cavallini et al. // J. Cardiovasc. Med. (Hagerstown). 2006. — Vol. 7, № 8. — P. 586−591.
- Antithrombotic therapy to prevent stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation: a metaanalysis / R.G. Hart, O. Benavente, R. McBride et al. // Ann. Intern. Med. 1999. -№ 131.-P. 492−501.
- Association between serum free thyroxine concentration and atrial fibrillation / M.D. Gammage, J.V. Parle, R.L. Holder et al. // Arch. Intern. Med. 2007. -Vol. 167, № 9. — P. 928−934.
- Association of nocturnal arrhythmias with sleep-disordered breathing. The Sleep Heart Health Study / R Mehra, E.J. Benjamin, E. Shahar et al. // Am. J. Resp. Crit. Care. Med. -2006. -№ 173. P. 910−916.
- Asymptomatic atrial fibrillation and Stroke Evaluation in pacemaker patients and the atrial fibrillation Reduction atrial pacing Trial (ASSERT) / S.H. Hohnloser, A. Ca-pucci, E. Fain et al. // Am. Heart. J. 2006. — Vol. 152, № 3. — P. 442−447.
- Atrial fibrillation and risk of dementia in non-demented elderly subjects with and without mild cognitive impairment (MCI) / P. Forti, F. Maioli, N. Pisacane et al. // Arch. Gerontol. Geriatr. 2007. — Vol. 44, Suppl. l.-P. 155−165.
- Atrial fibrillation in athletes / M.W. Farrar, D.B. Bogart, S.S. Chapman, L.B. Rigden // Mo. Med. 2006. — Vol. 103, № 3. — P. 297−301.
- Atrial fibrillation in patients with first-ever stroke: frequency, antithrombotic treatment before the event and effect on clinical outcome / M. Paciaroni, G. Agnelli, V. Caso et al. // J. Thromb. Haemost. -2005. № 3. — P. 1218−1223.
- Atrial fibrillation signal organization predicts sinus rhythm maintenance in patients undergoing cardioversion of atrial fibrillation / F. Holmqvist, M. Stridh, J.E. Wak-tare et al. // Europace. 2006. — Vol. 8, № 8. — P. 559−565.
- Autonomic control in patients experiencing atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery / R. Bauernschmitt, H. Malberg, N. Wessel et al. // Pacing. Clin. Electrophysiol. -2007. Vol. 30, № 1. — P. 77−84.
- Baker W.L. Renin-angiotensin system inhibitors for prevention of new-onset atrial fibrillation / W.L. Baker, C.M. White // Conn. Med. 2007. — Vol. 71, № 4. — P. 205−209.
- Bettoni M. Autonomic tone variations before the onset of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation / M. Bettoni, M. Zimmermann // Circulation. 2002. — № 105. — P. 2753−2759.
- Binding site of a novel Kvl.5 blocker: a «foot in the door» against atrial fibrillation / N. Decher, P. Kumar, T. Gonzalez et al. // Mol. Pharmacol. 2006. — Vol. 70, № 4. -P. 1204−1211.
- Blanchard L. Non-antiarrhythmic agents for prevention of postoperative atrial fibrillation: role of statins / L. Blanchard, C.D. Collard // Curr. Opin. Anaesthesiol. -2007. Vol. 20, № 1. — P. 53−56.
- Burgess D.C. Interventions for prevention of post-operative atrial fibrillation and its complications after cardiac surgery: a meta-analysis / D.C. Burgess, M.J. Kilborn, A.C. Keech // Eur. Heart. J. 2006. — № 27. — P. 2846−2857.
- Chandhok S. Amiodarone therapy for atrial rhythm control: insights gained from a single center experience / S. Chandhok, D. Schwartzman // J. Cardiovasc. Electrophysiol. 2007. — Vol. 18, № 7. — P. 714−718.
- Chew H.C. Broad complex atrial fibrillation / H.C. Chew, S.H. Lim // Am. J. Emerg. Med. 2007. — Vol. 25, № 4. — P. 459−463.
- Chronic atrial fibrillation in adults: direct current cardioversion or medical cardioversion /1. Fradi, A. Mokaddem, K. Selmi, M.R. Boujnah // Tunis Med. -2006. -Vol. 84, № 12.-P. 772−776.
- Clinical and echocardiographic markers of mortality risk in patients with atrial fibrillation / T.M. Khumri, M. Idupulapati, V.J. et al. //Am. J. Cardiol. 2007. -Vol. 99, № 12.-P. 1733−1736.
- Collagen type I and interleukin-1 beta gene expression in human atria during atrial fibrillation / W. Wu, D. Ke, C.X. Xu et al. // Zhonghua. Nei. Ke. Za. Zhi. 2006. -Vol. 45, № 10.-P. 807−810.
- Comparisons of oral propafenone and sotalol as an initial treatment in patients with symptomatic paroxysmal atrial fibrillation / S.H. Lee, S.A. Chen, C.T. Tai et al. // Am. J. Cardiol. 1997. — № 79. — P. 905−908.
- Competing autonomic mechanisms precede the onset of postoperative atrial fibrillation / D. Amar, H. Zhang, S. Miodownik, A.H. Kadish // J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. -2003. № 42. — P. 1262−1268.
- Connolly S.J. Usefulness of propafenone for recurrent paroxysmal atrial fibrillation / S.J. Connolly, D.L. Hoffert // Am. J. Cardiol. 1989. — № 63. — P. 817−819.
- Conversion of recent onset atrial fibrillation to sinus rhythm using a single oral loading dose of propafenone: comparison of two regimens / G.L. Botto, A. Capucci, W. Bonini et al. // Int. J. Cardiol. 1997. — № 58. — P. 55−61.
- Corticosteroids for the prevention of atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery: a randomized controlled trial / J. Halonen, P. Halonen, O. Jarvinen et al. // JAMA. -2007. Vol. 297, № 14. — P. 1562−1567.
- C-Reactive protein in lone atrial fibrillation / P.T. Ellinor, A. Low, K.K. Patton et al. // Am. J. Cardiol. 2006. — Vol. 97, № 9. — P. 1346−1350.
- Ctl3 prevention of atrial fibrillation after cabg with omega-3 polyunsaturated Fatty acids / C.M. Cole, K.M. Kostner, J. Mundy et al. // A.N.Z. J. Surg. 2007. — Vol. 77, Suppl l.-P. 10.
- Dabrowski R. Atrial fibrillation: potential therapeutic interventions in the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system / R. Dabrowski, H. Szwed // Kardiol. Pol. 2007. -Vol. 65, № 4.-P. 440−445.
- Deplanque D. Atrial fibrillation and stroke: from scientific evidence to practice / D. Deplanque, D. Leys // Clin. Exp. Hypertens. 2006. — Vol. 28, № 3−4. — P. 251−257.
- Development of congestive heart failure in Japanese patients with atrial fibrillation / T. Fukuda, T. Yamashita, K. Sagara et al. // Circ. J. 2007. — Vol. 71, № 3. — P. 308 312.
- Devereux R.B. Potential mechanisms of stroke benefit favoring losartan in the Lo-sartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction in hypertension (LIFE) study / R.B. Devereux, B. Dahlof// Curr. Med. Res. Opin. 2007. — Vol. 23, № 2. — P. 443−457.
- Diez J. Review of the molecular pharmacology of Losartan and its possible relevance to stroke prevention in patients with hypertension / J. Di’ez // Clin. Ther. 2006. -Vol. 28, № 6.-P. 832−848.
- Do cardiac neuropeptides play a role in the occurrence of atrial fibrillation after coronary bypass surgery? / N. Guler, C. Ozkara, H. Dulger et al. // Ann. Thorac. Surg. 2007. — Vol. 83, № 2. — P. 532−537.
- Effect of atrial fibrillation and an irregular ventricular response on sympathetic nerve activity in human subjects / S.L. Wasmund, J.M. Li, R.L. Page et al. // Circulation. -2003.-Vol. 107, № 15.-P. 2011−2015.
- Effect of atrial fibrillation on plasma NT-proBNP in chronic heart failure / P. Corell, F. Gustafsson, C. Kistorp et al. // Int. J. Cardiol. 2007. — Vol. 117, № 3. — P. 395 402.
- Effect of candesartan and various inflammatory markers on maintenance of sinus rhythm after electrical cardioversion for atrial fibrillation / A. Tveit, I. Seljeflot, I. Grundvold et al. // Am. J. Cardiol. 2007.-Vol. 99,№ 11.-P. 1544−1548.
- Effect of dexamethasone on atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery: prospective, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial / J.P. Yared, M.H. Bakri, S.C. Erzu-rum et al. // J. Cardiothorac.Vasc. Anesth. 2007. — Vol. 21, № 1. — P. 68−75.
- Effects of oral propafenone administration before electrical cardioversion of chronic atrial fibrillation: a placebo-controlled study / L. Bianconi, M. Mennuni, V. Lukic et al. // J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 1996. — № 28. — P. 700−706.
- Effects of simvastatin on the development of the atrial fibrillation substrate in dogs with congestive heart failure / A. Shiroshita-Takeshita, B.J. Brundel, B. Burstein e al. // Cardiovasc. Res. 2007. — Vol. 74, № 1. — P. 75−84.
- Efficacy and safety of moricizine in the maintenance of sinus rhythm in patients with recurrent atrial fibrillation / J.C. Geller, M. Geller, M.D. Carlson et al. // Am. J. Cardiol. 2001. — № 87. — P. 172−177.
- Electrocardiographic events preceding onset of atrial fibrillation: insights gained using an implantable loop recorder / D. Schwartzman, D.P. Blagev, M.L. Brown, R. Mehra // J. Cardiovasc. Electrophysiol. 2006. — Vol. 17, № 3. — P. 243−246.
- Endothelial cell function during atrial fibrillation and after restoration of sinus rhythm / E.I. Skalidis, E.A. Zacharis, D.K. Tsetis et al. // Am. J. Cardiol. 2007. -Vol. 99,№ 9.-P. 1258−1262.
- Evaluation of atrial function by echocardiography / G. Di Salvo, M. Galderisi, A. Rea et al. // G. Ital. Cardiol. (Rome). 2007. — Vol. 8, № 4. — P. 225−235.
- Evidence for increased atrial sympathetic innervation in persistent human atrial fibrillation / P.A. Gould, M. Yii, C. McLean et al. // Pacing. Clin. Electrophysiol. -2006. Vol. 29, № 8. — P. 821 -829.
- Exercise metaboreflex activation and endothelial function impairment in atrial fibrillation / M. Guazzi, M. Berti, S. Belletti et al. // Am. J. Physiol. Heart. Circ. Physiol. 2006. — Vol. 291, № 5. p. 396−402.
- Experience with unipolar radiofrequency ablation for atrial fibrillation / Y. Chen, N.K. Kejriwal, J.A. Smith et al. // ANZ. J. Surg. 2006. — Vol. 76, № 9. — P. 774 777.
- Fang M.C. Atrial fibrillation in the elderly / M.C. Fang, J. Chen, M.W. Rich // Am. J. Med. 2007. — Vol. 120, № 6. — P. 481 -487.
- Fengler B.T. Atrial fibrillation in the Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome: ECG recognition and treatment in the ED / B.T. Fengler, W.J. Brady, C.U. Plautz // Am. J. Emerg. Med. 2007. — Vol. 25, № 5. — P. 576−583.
- Gage B.F. Warfarin therapy for an octogenarian who has atrial fibrillation / B.F. Gage, S.D. Fihn, R.H. White//Ann. Intern. Med. -2001. -№ 134. P. 465−474.
- Garwood S. Atrial fibrillation / S. Garwood // Anesthesiol. Clin. 2006. — Vol. 24, № 3. — P. 509−522.
- Genetic factors for lone atrial fibrillation / K. Kato, M. Oguri, T. Hibino et al. // Int. J. Mol. Med. 2007. — Vol. 19, № 6. — P.933−939.
- Genetic susceptibility to atrial fibrillation in patients with congestive heart failure / M. Bedi, D. McNamara, B. London, D. Schwartzman // Heart. Rhythm. 2006. -Vol. 3, № 7. — P. 808−812.
- Hart R.G. Meta-analysis: antithrombotic therapy to prevent stroke in patients who have nonvalvular atrial fibrillation / R.G. Hart, L.A. Pearce, M.I. Aguilar // Ann. Intern. Med. 2007. — Vol. 146. № 12. — P. 857−867.
- Hayn D. Predicting initiation and termination of atrial fibrillation from the ECG / D. Hayn, A. Kollmann, G. Schreier // Biomed. Tech. (Berl). 2007. -Vol. 52, № 1. -P. 5−10.
- Heat shock protein 60 antibody. A new marker for subsequent atrial fibrillation development / M. Oc, H.I. Ucar, A. Pinar et al. // Saudi. Med. J. 2007. — Vol. 28, № 6. — P. 844−847.
- Hersi A. Atrial fibrillation: Challenges and opportunities / A. Hersi, L.B. Mitchell, D.G. Wyse // Can. J. Cardiol. 2006. — Vol.22. — P.21−26.
- High prevalence of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and/or atrial flutter in metabolic syndrome / K. Umetani, Y. Kodama, T. Nakamura et al. // Circ. J. 2007. — Vol. 71, № 2.-P. 252−255.
- Hoppe U.C. Resynchronization therapy in the context of atrial fibrillation: Benefits and limitations / U.C. Hoppe // J. Interv. Card. Electrophysiol. 2007. — Vol. 18, № 3.-P. 225−232.
- Ibutilide-induced cardioversion of atrial fibrillation during pregnancy / R. Kock-ova, V. Коска, T. Kiernan, G.J. Fahy // J. Cardiovasc. Electrophysiol. 2007. — Vol. 18,№ 5.-P. 545−547.
- Increased expression of extracellular matrix proteins in rapid atrial pacing-induced atrial fibrillation / C.S. Lin, L.P. Lai, J.L. Lin et al. // Heart. Rhythm. -2007. Vol. 4, № 7. — P. 938−949.
- Inefficiency of renin-angiotensin inhibitors in preventing atrial fibrillation in patients with a normal heart / G. Fazio, C. Pizzuto, L. Sutera et al. // Minerva Car-dioangiol. 2007. — Vol. 55, № 3. — P. 311−315.
- Inflammation: a possible pathogenic link to atrial fibrillation / M. Pan, J.H. Zhu, W.P. Jiang // Med. Hypotheses. 2006. — Vol. 67, № 6. — P. 1305−1307.
- Initiating mechanisms of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation / C. Dimmer, T. Szili-Torok, R. Tavernier et al. // Europace. 2003. — № 5. p. i9.
- Interactive atrial neural network: Determining the connections between ganglio-nated plexi / Y. Hou, B.J. Scherlag, J. Lin et al. // Heart. Rhythm. 2007. -Vol. 4, № 1. — P. 56−63.
- Intravenous and oral amiodarone for the prevention of postoperative atrial fibrillation in patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass surgery / T. Turk, Y. Ata, H. Vural et al. // Heart. Surg. Forum. 2007. -Vol. 10, № 4. — P.299−303.
- Intravenous propafenone in paroxysmal atrial fibrillation: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, multicenter clinical trial / C. Fresco, A. Proclemer, A. Pa-van et al. // Clin. Cardiol. 1996. — № 19. — P. 409−412.
- Is there an anatomical substrate for idiopathic paroxysmal atrial fibrillation? A case-control echocardiographic study / M. Sitges, V.A. Teijeira, A. Scalise et al. // Europace. 2007. — Vol. 9, № 5. — P. 294−298.
- Is time to first recurrence of atrial fibrillation correlated with atrial fibrillation burden? / F.J. Perez, Т.Н. Lung, K.A. Ellenbogen, M.A. Wood // Am. J. Cardiol. -2006.-Vol. 97, № 9.-P. 1343−1345.
- Kakar P. Management of atrial fibrillation / P. Kakar, C.J. Boos, G.Y. Lip // Vase. Health. Risk. Manag. 2007. — Vol. 3, № 1. — P. 109−116.
- Kirchhof P. New concepts for old drugs to maintain sinus rhythm in patients with atrial fibrillation / P. Kirchhof, G. Breithardt // Heart. Rhythm. 2007. — Vol. 4, № 6.-P. 790−793.
- Kudaiberdieva G. Post PCI atrial fibrillation / G. Kudaiberdieva, B. Gorenek // Acute. Card. Care. 2007. — Vol. 9, № 2. — P. 69−76.
- Left atrial volume: predictor of atrial fibrillation in patients with degenerative mitral regurgitation / K. Tanabe, K. Yamaguchi, T. Tani et al. // J. Heart. Valve. Dis. -2007.-Vol. 16,№ 1.-P. 8−12.
- Levy S. Classification system of atrial fibrillation / S. Levy // Curr. Opin. Cardiol. 2000. — № 15. — P. 54−57.
- Lian J. Computer modeling of ventricular rhythm during atrial fibrillation and ventricular pacing / J. Lian, D. Mtissig, V. Lang // IEEE. Trans. Biomed. Eng. -Vol. 53,№ 8.-P. 1512−1520.
- Lip G.Y. Effect of hypertension on anticoagulated patients with atrial fibrillation / G.Y. Lip, L. Frison, M. Grind // Eur. Heart. J. 2007. — Vol. 28, № 6. — P. 752 759.
- Long-term oral propafenone therapy for suppression of refractory symptomatic atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter // J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 1988. — № 12. — P. 10 051 011.
- Low serum albumin levels in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation: what does it mean? / Y.M. He, XJ. Yang, J. Hui et al. // Acta. Cardiol. 2006. — Vol. 61, № 3.-P. 333−337.
- Maisel W.H. Autonomic modulation preceding the onset of atrial fibrillation / W.H. Maisel // J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2003. — № 42. — P. 1269−1270.
- Management of atrial arrhythmias 3: paroxysmal atrial fibrillation / M. Earley, D. Fox, A. Fitzpatrick // Br. J. Hosp. Med.(Lond). 2007. — Vol. 68, № 5. — P. 257 262.
- Management of warfarin in atrial fibrillation: views of health professionals, older patients and their carers / B.V. Bajorek, S.J. Ogle, M J. Duguid et al. // Med. J. Aust. -2007.-Vol. 186, № 4.-P. 175−180.
- Mechanism underlying initiation of paroxysmal atrial flutter/atrial fibrillation by ectopic foci: a simulation study / Y. Gong, F. Xie, K.M. Stein et al. // Circulation. -2007. Vol. 115, № 16. — P. 2094−2102.
- Meta-analysis of magnesium therapy for the acute management of rapid atrial fibrillation / O. Onalan, E. Crystal, A. Daoulah et al. // Am. J. Cardiol. 2007. — Vol. 99, № 12.-P. 1726−1732.
- Meta-analysis: inhibition of renin-angiotensin system prevents new-onset atrial fibrillation / K. Anand, A.N. Mooss, T.T. Нее, S.M. Mohiuddin // Am. Heart. J. -2006.-Vol. 152, № 2.-P. 217−222.
- Microwave ablation of permanent atrial fibrillation during isolated bypass grafting and isolated mitral valve surgery / M. Knaut, S. Brose, S.M. Tugtekin // Heart. Surg. Forum. 2007. — Vol. 10, № 2. — P. 153−157.
- MR evaluation of pulmonary vein diameter reduction after radiofrequency catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation / F. Anselme, G. Gahide, A. Savoure et al. // Eur. Radiol. 2006. — Vol. 16. № 11. — P. 2505−2511.
- Narayan G. Combined use of 1С and III agents for highly symptomatic, refractory atrial fibrillation / G. Narayan, M. Akhtar, J. Sra et al. // J. Interv. Card. Electrophysiol. 2006. — Vol. 15, № 3.-P. 175−178.
- New antiarrhythmic treatment of atrial fibrillation // G.V. Naccarelli, D.L. Wol-brette, S. Samii et al. // Expert. Rev. Cardiovasc. Ther. 2007. — Vol. 5, № 4. -P. 707−714.
- Newly detected atrial fibrillation and compliance with antithrombotic guidelines / N.L. Glazer, S. Dublin, N.L. Smith // Arch. Intern. Med. 2007. — Vol. 167, № 3. -P. 246−252.
- Noninvasive risk stratification prevents sudden death due to paroxysmal atrial fibrillation in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy / G. Limongelli, P.M. Elliott, G. Pacileo et al. // J. Cardiovasc. Med. (Hagerstown). 2006. — Vol. 7, № 9. — P. 711−713.
- Novel anti-arrhythmic agents for the treatment of atrial fibrillation / E. Wettwer, T. Christ, D. Dobrev, U. Ravens // Curr. Opin. Pharmacol. 2007. — Vol. 7, № 2. -P. 214−218.
- Obesity and the risk of new-onset atrial fibrillation / T.J. Wang, H. Parise, D. Levy et al. // JAMA. 2004. — Vol. 292, № 20. — P. 2471−2477.
- Obstructive sleep apnea, obesity, and the risk of incident atrial fibrillation / A.S. Garni, D.O. Hodge, R.M. Herges et al. // J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2007. — Vol. 49, № 5.-P. 565−571.
- Oden A. Optimal INR for the prevention of stroke and death in atrial fibrillation: a critical appraisal / A. Oden, M. Fahlen, R.G. Hart // Thromb. Res. 2006. — № 117. — P. 493−499.
- Ogata Т. Prevention of brain infarction in patients with atrial fibrillation / T. Ogata. M. Yasaka. No. To. Shinkei. — 2007. — Vol. 59, № 1. — P. 53−58.
- Onset mechanism of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation detected by ambulatory Holter monitoring / A. Vincenti, R. Brambilla, M.G. Fumagalli et al. // Europace. 2006. -Vol. 8, № 3. — P. 204−210.
- Onset scenario of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation using new diagnostic pacemaker functions / E. Hoffmann, S. Janko, G. Stenbeck et al. // Pacing. Clin. Electrophysiol. 2000. — № 23. — P. 656−669.
- Oral anticoagulants versus aspirin for stroke prevention in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation: the verdict is in / C. van Walraven, R.G. Hart, D.E. Singer et al. // Card. Electrophysiol. Rev. 2003. — № 7. — P. 374−378.
- Oral propafenone to convert recent-onset atrial fibrillation in patients with and without underlying heart disease: a randomized, controlled trial / G. Boriani, M. Bif-fi M., A. Capucci et al. // Ann. Intern. Med. 1997. — № 126. — P. 621−625.
- Plasma natriuretic peptide concentrations as a predictor for successful catheter ablation in patients with drug-refractory atrial fibrillation / K. Kurosaki, H. Tada, T. Hashimoto et al. // Circ. J. 2007. Vol. 71, № 3. — P. 313−320.
- Platelet activation in patients with chronic nonvalvular atrial fibrillation / H.K. Yip, L.T. Chang, C.K. Sun et al. // Int. Heart. J. 2006. — Vol. 47, № 3. — P. 371 379.
- Polymorphism modulates symptomatic response to antiarrhythmic drug therapy in patients with lone atrial fibrillation / D. Darbar, A.A. Motsinger, M.D. Ritchie et al. // Heart. Rhythm. 2007. — Vol. 4, № 6. — P. 743−749.
- Porterfield J.G. Therapeutic efficacy and safety of oral propafenone for atrial fibrillation / J.G. Porterfield, L.M. Porterfield // Am. J. Cardiol. 1989. — № 63. — P. 114−116.
- Potassium channel gene mutations rarely cause atrial fibrillation / P.T. Ellinor, V.I. Petrov-Kondratov, E. Zakharova et al. // BMC. Med. Genet. 2006. — Vol. 7. -P. 70.
- Preadmission antithrombotic treatment and stroke severity in patients with atrial fibrillation and acute ischaemic stroke: an observational study / M. O’Donnell, W. Oczkowski, J. Fang et al. // Lancet. Neurol. 2006. — № 5. — P. 749−754.
- Prevalence of atrial fibrillation in the Spanish population aged 60 years or more. The PREV-ICTUS study / L. Cea-Calvo, J. Redon, J.V. Lozano et al. // Rev. Esp. Cardiol. 2007. — Vol. 60, № 6. — P. 616−624.
- Prevention of atrial fibrillation after cardiac surgery / H. Tapio, H. Jari, M. Kim-mo, H. Juha // Scand. Cardiovasc. J. 2007. — Vol. 41, № 2. — P. 72−78.
- Prevention of atrial fibrillation onset by beta-blocker treatment in heart failure: a meta-analysis / I.A. Nasr, A. Bouzamondo, J.S. Hulot et al. // Eur. Heart. J. 2007. — Vol. 28, № 4. — P. 457−462.
- Proarrhythmic effects of atrial fibrillation ablation techniques / E. Giazitzoglou, S. Korovesis, E. Karvouni et al. // Hellenic. J. Cardiol. 2006. — Vol. 47, № 4. — P. 211−217.
- Propafenone for conversion of recent-onset atrial fibrillation: a controlled comparison between oral loading dose and intravenous administration / G. Boriani, A. Capucci, T. Lenzi et al. // Chest. 1995. — № 108. — P. 355−358.
- Propafenone for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation / S.C. Hammill, D.L. Wood, B.J. Gersh et al. // Am. J. Cardiol. 1988. — № 61. — P. 473−474.
- Propafenone for prevention of recurrent atrial fibrillation / C.R. Kerr, G.J. Klein, J.E. Axelson, J.C. Cooper// Am. J. Cardiol. 1988. -№ 61. — P. 914−916.
- Propafenone versus sotalol for suppression of recurrent symptomatic atrial fibrillation / S.C. Reimold, C.O. Cantillon, P.L. Friedman, E.M. Antman // Am. J. Cardiol. 1993. — № 71. — P. 558−563.
- Pseudo-atrial fibrillation, rare manifestation of multiple anterograde atrioventricular nodal pathways / S. Richter, A. Berruezo, L. Mont et al. // Am. J. Cardiol. -2007. Vol. 100, № 1. — P. 154−156.
- Psychological correlates of quality of life in atrial fibrillation / L. Ong, R. Cribbie, L. Harris et al. // Qual. Life. Res. 2006. — Vol. 15, № 8. — P. 1323−1333.
- Pulmonary vein denervation enhances long-term benefit after circumferential ablation for paroxysmal atrial fibrillation / С. Pappone, V. Santinelli, F. Manguso et al. // Circulation. 2004. — № 109. — P. 327−334.
- Pulse pressure and risk of new-onset atrial fibrillation / G.F. Mitchell, R.S. Vasan, M.J. Keyes et al. // JAMA.- 2007. Vol. 297, № 7. — P. 709−715.
- Rate control and quality of life in patients with permanent atrial fibrillation: the Quality of Life and Atrial Fibrillation (QOLAF) Study / T. Tsuneda, T. Yamashita, M. Fukunami et al. // Circ. J. 2006. — Vol. 70, № 8. — P. 965−970.
- Rationale and design of ACTIVE: the atrial fibrillation clopidogrel trial with irbe-sartan for prevention of vascular events / S. Connolly, S. Yusuf, A. Budaj et al. // Am. Heart. J.-2006. Vol. 151, № 6.-P. 1187−1193.
- Regional left atrial voltage in patients with atrial fibrillation / G.M. Marcus, Y. Yang, P.D. Varosy et al. // Heart Rhythm. 2007. — Vol. 4, № 2. — P. 138−144.
- Rehman H. Amiodarone for atrial fibrillation. / H. Rehman // N. Engl. J. Med. -2007. Vol. 356, № 23. — P. 2424−2426.
- Reiffel J.A. Antiarrhythmic effects of omega-3 fatty acids / J.A. Reiffel, A. McDonald // Am. J. Cardiol. 2006. — Vol. 98. — P. 50−60.
- Relation of C-reactive protein to long-term risk of recurrence of atrial fibrillation after electrical cardioversion / M.L. Loricchio, C. Cianfrocca, V. Pasceri et al. // Am. J. Cardiol.-2007,-Vol. 99, № 10.-P. 1421−1424.
- Right atrial separation effect for chronic atrial fibrillation with atrial septal defect: report of four cases / M. Murakami, H. Okada, M. Nishida et al. // Ann. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 2006. — Vol. 12, № 3. — P. 210−212.
- Ringdahl E.N. Vagally mediated atrial fibrillation in a young man / E.N. Ring-dahl // Arch. Fam. Med. 2000. — № 9. — P.3 89−390.
- Roberts R. Mechanisms of disease: Genetic mechanisms of atrial fibrillation / R. Roberts // Nat. Clin. Pract. Cardiovasc. Med. 2006. — Vol. 3, № 5. — P. 276−282.
- Role of amiodarone on the systemic inflammatory response induced by cardiac surgery: proinflammatory actions / G.D. Karth, A. Buberl, M. Nikfardjam et al. // Can. J. Anaesth. 2007. — Vol. 54, № 4. — P. 262−268.
- Role of electrophysiology and autonomic nervous system in patients with supraventricular tachycardia and paroxysmal atrial fibrillation / Y. Chen, S. Chen, C. Tai et al. // J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 1998. — № 32. — P. 732−738.
- Safety of amiodarone in the prevention of postoperative atrial fibrillation: a metaanalysis / A.A. Patel, C.M. White, E.L. Gillespie et al. // Am. J. Health. Syst. Pharm. 2006. — Vol. 63, № 9. — P. 829−837.
- Saltman A.E. Minimally invasive surgery for atrial fibrillation / A.E. Saltman // Semin. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 2007. — Vol. 19, № 1. P. 33−38.
- Scherlag B.J. The neural basis of atrial fibrillation / B.J. Scherlag, E. Patterson, S.S. Po // J. Electrocardiol. 2006. — Vol. 39, Suppl. — P. 180−183.
- Schouchoff B. Surgical approaches for atrial fibrillation / B. Schouchoff // Crit. Care. Nurs. Q. 2007. — Vol. 30, № 3. — P. 233−242.
- Seasonal variation in paroxysmal atrial fibrillation documented by 24-hour Holter electrocardiogram / E. Watanabe, Y. Kuno, H. Takasuga et al. // Heart. Rhythm. -2007. Vol. 4, № 1. — P. 27−31.
- Secular trends in incidence of atrial fibrillation in Olmstead County, Minnesota, 1980 to 2000, and implications on the projections for future prevalence / Y. Miyasa-ka, M.E. Barnes, B.J. Gersh et al. // Circulation. 2006. — № 114. — P. 119−125.
- Selecting patients with atrial fibrillation for anticoagulation: stroke risk stratification in patients taking aspirin / B.F. Gage, C. van Walraven, L. Pearce et al. // Circulation. 2004. — № 110. — P. 2287−2292.
- Sherman D.G. Stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation: pharmacological rate versus rhythm control / D.G. Sherman // Stroke. 2007. — Vol. 38, 2 Suppl. — P. 615−617.
- Silberbauer J. The role of pacing in rhythm control and management of atrial fibrillation / J. Silberbauer, N. Sulke // J. Interv. Card. Electrophysiol. 2007. -Vol. 18, № 2.- P. 159−186.
- Singh S. Amiodarone-induced pulmonary hemorrhage / S. Singh // South. Med. J. 2006. — Vol. 99, № 4. — P. 329−330.
- Single-step atrial thrombus exclusion and transesophageal cardioversion in atrial fibrillation / K. Mischke, T. Schimpf, C. Knackstedt et al. // Expert. Rev. Med. Devices. 2007. — Vol. 4, № 4. — P. 549−557.
- Spatial and temporal stability of the dominant frequency of activation in human atrial fibrillation / R.B. Schuessler, M.W. Kay, S.J. Melby et al. // J. Electrocardiol. -2006. Vol. 39, Suppl. — P. 7−12.
- Statin use before by-pass surgery decreases the incidence and shortens the duration of postoperative atrial fibrillation / M. Ozaydin, A. Dogan, E. Varol et al. // Cardiology. -2007. Vol. 107, № 2.-P. 117−121.
- Stretch-sensitive KCNQ1 mutation A link between genetic and environmental factors in the pathogenesis of atrial fibrillation? / R. Otway, L. Vandenberg, G. Guo et al. // J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2007. — Vol. 49, № 5. — P. 578−586.
- Stroke prevention and atrial fibrillation: reasons leading to an inappropriate management. Main results of the SAFE II study / D. Deplanque, D. Leys, L. Parnetti et al. // Br. J. Clin. Pharmacol. 2004. — № 57. — P. 798−806.
- Stroke with intermittent atrial fibrillation: incidence and predictors during aspirin therapy. Stroke Prevention in Atrial Fibrillation Investigators / R.G. Hart, L.A. Pearce, R.M. Rothbart et al. // J. Am. Coll. Cardiol.- 2000. № 35. — P. 183−187.
- Subclinical hyperthyroidism as a risk factor for atrial fibrillation / J. Auer, P. Scheibner, T. Mische et al. // Am. Heart. J. 2001. — Vol. 142, № 5. — P. 838−842.
- Supraventricular dysrhythmias: nursing research to improve health outcomes / M. Funk, K. Wood, A.L. Valderrama, S.B. Dunbar // J. Cardiovasc. Nurs. 2007. -Vol. 22, № 3.-P. 196−217.
- Surgical treatment of atrial fibrillation / B. El Oumeiri, F. Casselman, P. Geelen et al. // Minerva. Cardioangiol. 2007. — Vol. 55, № 3. — P. 369−378.
- The association of human connexin 40 genetic polymorphisms with atrial fibrillation / J.M. Juang, Y.R. Chern, C.T. Tsai et al. // Int. J. Cardiol. 2007. -Vol. 116, № l.-P. 107−112.
- The atrial fibrillation follow-up investigation of rhythm management (AFFIRM) study: approaches to control of rate in atrial fibrillation / B. Olshansky, L.E. Rosen-feld, A.L. Warner et al. // J. Am. Coll. Cardiol. 2004. — № 43. — P. 1201−1208.
- The effect of patient sex on recurrence of atrial fibrillation following successful direct current cardioversion / O.T. Gurevitz, C.J. Varadachari, N.M. Ammash et al. // Am. Heart. J. 2006. — Vol. 152, № 1. — P. 9−13.
- The effects of caffeine on the inducibility of atrial fibrillation / A. Rashid, M. Hines, B.J. Scherlag et al. // J. Electrocardiol. 2006. — Vol. 39, № 4. — P. 421−425.
- The effects of rate and irregularity on sympathetic nerve activity in human subjects / N.M. Segerson, N. Sharma, M.L. Smith et al. // Heart. Rhythm. 2007. -Vol. 4, № l.-P. 20−26.
- The relationship between statin use and atrial fibrillation / A.A. Patel, C.M. White, S.A. Shah et al. // Curr. Med. Res. Opin. 2007. — Vol. 23, № 5. — P. 11 771 185.
- The relationship between stature and the prevalence of atrial fibrillation in patients with left ventricular dysfunction / I.R. Hanna, В. Heeke, H. Bush et al. // J. Am. Coll. Cardiol.- 2006. Vol. 47, № 8. — P. 1683−1688.
- The risk for acute coronary syndrome associated with atrial fibrillation among ED patients with chest pain syndromes / A.M. Brown, K.L. Sease, J.L. Robey et al. //Am. J. Emerg. Med. 2007. — Vol. 25, № 5. — P. 523−528.
- The signal-averaged electrocardiogram of atrial activation in patients with or without paroxysmal atrial fibrillation / J.O. Moreira, P.J. Moffa, A.H. Uchida et al. // Arq. Bras. Cardiol. 2006. — Vol. 87, № 5. — P. 564−569.
- Three-dimensional anatomy of the left atrium by magnetic resonance angiography: implications for catheter ablation for atrial fibrillation / M. Mansour, M. Refaat, E.K. Heist et al. // J. Cardiovasc. Electrophysiol. 2006. — Vol. 17, № 7. — P. 719 723.
- Thuraisingham R.A. An electrocardiogram marker to detect paroxysmal atrial fibrillation / R.A. Thuraisingham // J. Electrocardiol. 2007. — Vol. 40, № 4. -P. 344 347.
- Treatment of atrial fibrillation at different levels of health care / B. Coll-Vinent, M. Junyent, J. Orus et al. // Med. Clin. (Bare). 2007. — Vol. 128, № 4. — P. 125 129.
- Trend in mortality after stroke with atrial fibrillation / L. Frost, L.V. Andersen, P. Vestergaard // Am. J. Med. 2007. — Vol. 120, № 1. — P. 47−53.
- Underuse of oral anticoagulants in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation in Italy / D. Ferro, L. Loffredo, L. Polimeni, F. Violi // Intern. Emerg. Med. 2007. -Vol. 2, № 1. — P. 24−28.
- Unmasking effect of propafenone on the concealed form of the Brugada phenomenon / A. Matana, V. Goldner, K. Stanic et al. // Pacing. Clin. Electrophysiol. -2000.-№ 23.-P. 41618.
- Validation of clinical classification schemes for predicting stroke: results from the National Registry of Atrial Fibrillation / B.F. Gage, A.D. Waterman, W. Shannon et al. // JAMA. 2001. — № 285. — P. 2864−2870.
- Van Wagoner D.R. Recent insights into the pathophysiology of atrial fibrillation / D.R. Van Wagoner // Semin. Thorac. Cardiovasc. Surg. 2007. — Vol. 19, № 1. -P. 9−15.
- Vein of Marshall activity during sustained atrial fibrillation / S. Kamanu, A.Y. Tan, C.T. Peter // J. Cardiovasc. Electrophysiol. 2006. — Vol. 17, № 8. — P. 839 846.
- Verdino R.J. The evolution of atrial fibrillation ablation from triggers to substrat / R.J. Verdino // J. Electrocardiol. 2006. — Vol. 39. — P. 184−187.
- Verhamme P. A new era for oral anticoagulation? Old and new anticoagulant drugs / P. Verhamme, R. Verhaeghe // Acta. Cardiol. 2007. — Vol. 62, № 2. — P. 189−198.
- Worldwide survey on the methods, efficacy and safety of catheter ablation for human atrial fibrillation / R. Cappato, H. Calkins, S.A. Chen et al. // Circulation. -2005. -№ in. -P. 1100−1105.